Parity, Age, and Occupation with Stressful Events in Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester
Paritas, Usia, dan Pekerjaan dengan Kejadian Stres pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21070/ups.10409Keywords:
third-trimester pregnancy, stress, parity, age, occupationAbstract
The third trimester of pregnancy is often accompanied by increased physical and psychological changes that can trigger stress. Research in Surabaya shows that 31% of pregnant women experience high stress. Management and early detection of stress during pregnancy are important to prevent complications threatening the mother and fetus. This study aims to analyze the relationship between parity, age, and occupation with stress in third-trimester pregnant women. This research used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 30 respondents selected by total sampling. The instrument used was the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test (α = 0.05). Results showed parity (p = 0.232), age (p = 0.464), and occupation (p = 0.654) were not associated with stress. The conclusion is that parity, age, and occupation are not related to stress. Further research should analyze other influencing factors.
Downloads
References
Pascual ZN, Langaker MD. Physiology, Pregnancy. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. Updated 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559304/
Han J. Pregnancy psychological distress: A concept analysis. Midwifery. 2025. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0266613825003420
Wadhwa, P. D., Entringer, S., Buss, C., & Lu, M. C. The contribution of maternal stress to preterm birth: issues and considerations. Clinics in perinatology, 38(3), 351–384 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2011.06.007
Rachma, G. N., Irwanto, I., & Izzati, D. Differences in the Level of Anxiety of Pregnant Women in the I, II, and III Trimester in the Working Area of Gading Surabaya Health Center. Indonesian Midwifery & Health Sciences Journal, 8(2), 156-170. 2024
Redondo MM, Liebana-Presa C, Pérez-Rivera J, Martín-Vázquez C, Calvo-Ayuso N, García-Fernández R. Exploring Self-Perceived Stress and Anxiety Throughout Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Study. Diseases. 2025; 13(4):121. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13040121
Sun, S., et al. The relationship between pregnancy stress and mental health of pregnant women: A positive psychology perspective. Frontiers in Psychology. 2024. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1295242/full
Munisah, M., suprapti, S., Sukarsih, R. I., Mudlikah, S., & Putri, L. A. Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Perubahan Fisik Dan Psikologis Pada Ibu Hamil. Indonesian Journal of Community Dedication in Health (IJCDH), 2(2), 53–58. 2022. https://doi.org/10.30587/ijcdh.v2i02.3946
Harja, E., T, R. Y., Ai’sah, Azzahra, A. C., Merlinda, E., Fadia, P., Dewi, V. F. The Effect Of Hormones On Physiological And Psychological Adaptations During Pregnancy. Journal for Quality in Women’s Health, 6(2), 100–112. 2023. https://doi.org/10.30994/jqwh.v6i2.223
Aldinger, J. K., dkk. (2024). Prenatal Maternal Psychological Stress (PMPS) and Its Effects on Maternal and Fetal Health: A Review. Healthcare. 12(23):2431. 2024
Răchită, A., Strete, G. E., Suciu, L. M., Ghiga, D. V., Sălcudean, A., & Mărginean, C. Psychological Stress Perceived by Pregnant Women in the Last Trimester of Pregnancy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8315. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148315
Hidayati E, Rauf S, Hatta M, Lisal ST, Wibisono JJ, Syamsuddin S, Chalid MT, Saleh A, Zainuddin AA, Hamidah H, Fatimah F, Hapsah H, Permatasari TAE, Lusida N. Interactive pregnancy education on stress, cortisol, and epinephrine level in primigravida of trimester III pregnant: a quasi-experimental. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 86(3):1386-1395. 2024 Jan 4.
Keramat, A., Malary, M., Moosazadeh, M., Bagherian, N., & Rajabi-Shakib, M. R. Factors influencing stress, anxiety, and depression among Iranian pregnant women: the role of sexual distress and genital self-image. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 21(1), 87. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03575-1
Falsapah, C. A., Hermawati, D., & Delianti, N. Hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan kualitas tidur pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kota Banda Aceh. Indonesian Journal of Health Science, 5(4), 748–753. 2025. https://doi.org/10.54957/ijhs.v5i4.1470
Kowalska, J. The Level of Stress and Anxiety in Pregnant Women Depending on Social Support and Physical Activity. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(9), 3143. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093143
Matsas, A., Panopoulou, P., Antoniou, N., Bargiota, A., Gryparis, A., Vrachnis, N., Mastorakos, G., Kalantaridou, S. N., Panoskaltsis, T., Vlahos, N. F., & Valsamakis, G. Chronic Stress in Pregnancy Is Associated with Low Birth Weight: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(24), 7686. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12247686
Coussons-Read M. E. Effects of prenatal stress on pregnancy and human development: mechanisms and pathways. Obstetric medicine, 6(2), 52–57. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753495X12473751
Prihadianto, D. G., & Sari, I. N.The Effectiveness Of Prenatal Education Interventions On Maternal Anxiety And Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Journal of Health Research and Technology, 3(2), 247–259. 2025. https://doi.org/10.58439/jhrt.v3i2.390
Psychometric Properties Of The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) In Indonesian Version. JP3I (Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi Dan Pendidikan Indonesia), 13(2), 117-129. 2024. https://doi.org/10.15408/jp3i.v13i2.35482
Novianti, R., & Wahyuntari , E. Hubungan Paritas Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester III dalam Menghadapi Persalinan Di Puskesmas Mlati II Sleman. Seroja Husada: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 1(6), 156–166. 2024.
Sartika Dwi Yolanda Putri, & Harlinda Widia Putri. Usia Ibu Dengan Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Trimester III Dalam Menghadapi Persalinan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Tahun 2022. Jurnal Anestesi, 1(2), 130–138. 2023. https://doi.org/10.59680/anestesi.v1i3.417
Widowati, R., Kundaryanti, R., Julian, D. A., & Raushanfikri, A. Pregnancy and work stress: investigation of factors relating stress level of pregnant working women in Indonesia. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35(S1), S38–S41. 2021. DOI:10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.12.011.
Downloads
Additional Files
Posted
License
Copyright (c) 2026 UMSIDA Preprints Server
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
