Preprint has been published in a journal as an article
Preprint / Version 1

The Role of Human Resource Quality, Discipline, and Motivation in Employee Performance PT. PLN Indonesia Power Generating Business Unit Asam-Asam Kalimantan

Peran Sumber Daya Manusia, Disiplin dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT PLN Indonesia Power Unit Bisnis Pembangkitan Asam Asam

##article.authors##

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21070/ups.8868

Keywords:

Human Resources Quality, Work Discipline, Motivation, Employee Performance, Energy Sector

Abstract

Employee performance is a key factor in determining organizational success, especially in the energy sector which has high demands for efficiency and innovation. In the context of PT PLN Indonesia Power Asam-Asam Generating Business Unit, employee performance is an important element to ensure operational reliability and support national energy needs. This study aims to analyze the influence of human resource quality, work discipline, and motivation on employee performance in this business unit. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach with a questionnaire-based survey method arranged on a Likert scale. The study population was 181 people which included all employees of PT PLN Indonesia Power Asam Asam Generating Business Unit, with data analysis conducted using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the quality of human resources has a significant effect through relevant competencies to support strategic goals. Work discipline creates order and efficiency, while motivation, both intrinsic and extrinsic, is a key driver of employee productivity and engagement. The integration of these three factors significantly improves employee performance. However, a balance is needed, as an overemphasis on discipline can stifle creativity. A holistic management approach is recommended to achieve optimal performance and organizational sustainability.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

K. J. Pranata L, N. Kadir, and F. Umar, “Pengaruh Beban Kerja Dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Perusahaan Hino Kumala Makassar I,” Point J. Ekon. dan Manaj., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 18–30, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.46918/point.v5i1.1820.

Muhammad Rizki Firdaus Muslim and Firman Shakti Firdaus, “Pengaruh Penilaian Berbasis Key Performance Indicator (KPI) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan CV Satria Perdana Kota Cimahi,” Bandung Conf. Ser. Bus. Manag., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 822–829, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.29313/bcsbm.v4i1.12113.

S. Alqarni, H. Hamsan, R. Mohd Rasdi, and H. Abdul Rahman, “A Systematic Literature Review on Job Performance in Diverse Organizations from 2010 to 2023,” Int. J. Acad. Res. Bus. Soc. Sci., vol. 13, no. 18, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i18/19960.

F. Agus Triansyah, W. Hejin, and S. Stefania, “Factors Affecting Employee Performance: A Systematic Review,” J. Markcount Financ., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 118–127, May 2023, doi: 10.55849/jmf.v1i2.102.

Muhammad Adnan Wazan, Suparmi Suparmi, and Galuh Juniarto, “The Effect Of Human Resource Quality And Work Professionalism On Employee Performance,” Int. Conf. Digit. Adv. Tour. Manag. Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 283–295, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.56910/ictmt.v1i1.71.

A. Halawi, R. Rasheed, and B. Al Belushi, “The Effect of Human Resource Analytics on Employee Performance,” Rev. Gestão Soc. e Ambient., vol. 18, no. 5, p. e05569, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.24857/rgsa.v18n5-060.

N. L. P. E. Y. Prastiwi, L. K. Ningsih, and K. P. Putrini, “Peran Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai: Self Esteem Sebagai Variabel Intervening,” J. Ilm. Manaj. dan Bisnis, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 78–88, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.38043/jimb.v7i1.3521.

G. R. Ayomi, “Pengaruh Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Vouk Hotel Suites Penang,” J. Ilm. Wahana Pendidik., vol. 9, no. 24, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10431744.

L. Kristiyanti, “Kedisiplinan Kerja Karyawan Untuk Peningkatan Kinerja (Studi Pengamatan Di PT. Tri Usaha Sejahtera Pratama),” J. Ilm. Keuang. Akunt. Bisnis, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 01–07, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.53088/jikab.v1i1.4.

R. Goedurov, “Public Sector Organizations: Work Environment, Employee Behavior and Discipline,” Int. J. Pap. Public Rev., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 31–36, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.47667/ijppr.v1i2.17.

R. Setiawan, I. Ananta Vidada, S. S. Hadi, and N. R. Zhafiraah, “Examining the Impact of Work Discipline and Motivation on Employee Performance,” Hum. Cap. Organ., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 55–65, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.58777/hco.v1i2.169.

G. Nurpribadi, E. Rulianti, and F. R. Al Banteni, “The Influence of Compensation, Motivation, and Work Discipline on Employee Performance,” Ilomata Int. J. Manag., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 294–307, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.52728/ijjm.v5i1.1057.

F. U. Hernandi and R. . Juddy Prabowo, “The Effect of Discipline Development and Work Motivation on the Performance: Empirical Study from Civil Servants at the Spatial Planning Office Bekasi City, Indonesia,” Golden Ratio Hum. Resour. Manag., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 85–98, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.52970/grhrm.v4i2.461.

T. Meilani and R. Muttaqin, “Pengaruh Pengembangan Karier, Disiplin Kerja, dan Lingkungan Kerja Fisik terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Murni Konstruksi Indonesia Palu,” J. Nas. Manaj. Pemasar. SDM, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 32–49, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.47747/jnmpsdm.v5i1.1694.

H. Tannady et al., “Peran Disiplin dan Stress Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Perusahaan Perdagangan Oli dan Pipa Nasional,” J. Kewarganegaraan, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v6i2.3712.

N. A. Machsunah and S. Sriyono, “Effect of The Democratic Leadership Style, Work Motivation, Work Discipline, Work Environment on the Performance of Kindergarten Teachers in Gempol Sub-district.” Sep. 14, 2023. doi: 10.21070/ups.3126.

S. Ardyansyah and S. Widodo, “Analisis Motivasi Kerja, Disiplin Kerja, dan Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan,” Commod. J. Econ. Bus., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 057–070, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.59689/commo.v5i1.1009.

S. Nur Fitri, P. Aullora, M. Firdaus, and D. Haryadi, “Encourage work motivation and work discipline towards employee performance,” Int. J. Appl. Financ. Bus. Stud., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 725–731, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.35335/ijafibs.v11i4.220.

N. Rahmawati, S. L. Ratnasari, D. A. Azis, G. Sutjahjo, and W. Winarso, “Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Disiplin Kerja, Motivasi Kerja, Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan,” J. Dimens., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 202–211, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.33373/dms.v12i1.5067.

M. Pragiwani, E. Lestari, and M. B. Alexandri, “Pengaruh Motivasi, Kompetensi, Disiplin Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi Kasus Pada Karyawan Pt. Tektonindo Henida Jaya Group),” Responsive, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 117, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.24198/responsive.v3i3.32134.

G. Olaoluwa Oladayo, S. Solomon Bakare, A. Abiola Abdul, O. Elizabeth Adewusi, and F. Ibukun Babalola, “A Comprehensive Review Of Innovative Hr Practices And Their Implications On Organizational Performance In Both The Oil And Gas And Renewable Energy Sectors In Nigeria,” J. Third World Econ., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 112–118, 2023, doi: 10.26480/jtwe.02.2023.112.118.

J. Mose and I. Gachanja, “Influence of Performance Appraisal on Employee Performance in the Energy Sector Kenya,” J. Bus. Manag. Econ. Dev., vol. 2, no. 01, pp. 71–87, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.59653/jbmed.v2i01.329.

S. Lei and Y. Wu, “The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Development and Organizational Performance,” Adv. Econ. Manag. Polit. Sci., vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 69–74, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.54254/2754-1169/89/20231412.

K. Atika and N. U. Mafra, “Pengaruh Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia dan Profesionalisme Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. PlN (Persero) Pelaksana Pembangkit Bukit Asam Tanjung Enim,” J. Media Wahana Ekon., vol. 17, no. 4, p. 355, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.31851/jmwe.v17i4.5098.

W. Gerhana, R. Rezti, and W. Wasis, “Pengaruh Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia dan Profesionalisme terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Komitmen Organisasi sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Kasus pada Karyawan Dinas Pendidikan Hulu Sungai Selatan),” J. Ris. Inspirasi Manaj. dan Kewirausahaan, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 49–57, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.35130/jrimk.v3i1.50.

M. Dahiya, D. P. Warne, and S. Arora, “Theory and Concept of Human Resources Development,” 2023, pp. 232–254. doi: 10.4018/978-1-6684-7494-5.ch012.

N. Shulyar, “Theoretical Approaches To Formation Of The Mechanism Of Quality Assurance Of Human Resources Of The Machine-Building Enterprises,” Econ. Financ. Manag. Rev., no. 2, pp. 92–97, May 2021, doi: 10.36690/2674-5208-2021-2-92.

E. Aslamia and M. Roni, “Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Umum Sriwijaya Palembang,” Publik J. Manaj. Sumber Daya Manusia, Adminsitrasi dan Pelayanan Publik, vol. 10, no. 2, 2023.

A. Erbaşi And Ş. Durmuş, “Study of Scale Development of Discipline Management Practices in Organizations,” İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Derg., vol. 8, no. 21, pp. 358–376, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.25204/iktisad.1181672.

Alex Acquah, Takyi Kwabena Nsiah, Elizabeth Naa Akushia Antie, and Benjamin Otoo, “Literature Review On Theories Motivation,” EPRA Int. J. Econ. Bus. Rev., pp. 25–29, May 2021, doi: 10.36713/epra6848.

M. Irwanto and S. Sriyono, “Influence of Transformational Leadership Style, Work Motivation and Affective Commitment on the Performance of the Regional Public Company for Drinking Water Tirta Lestari in the Tuban Regency through Employee Performance as a Moderating Variable.” Aug. 08, 2024. doi: 10.21070/ups.5758.

R. Gould, “Motivation theory,” in A Guide to Key Theories for Human Resource Management Research, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024, pp. 171–184. doi: 10.4337/9781035308767.ch21.

D. Bandhu, M. M. Mohan, N. A. P. Nittala, P. Jadhav, A. Bhadauria, and K. K. Saxena, “Theories of motivation: A comprehensive analysis of human behavior drivers,” Acta Psychol. (Amst)., vol. 244, p. 104177, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104177.

C. S. Dweck, M. L. Dixon, and J. J. Gross, “What Is Motivation, Where Does It Come from, and How Does It Work?,” in Motivation Science, Oxford University PressNew York, 2023, pp. 5–9. doi: 10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0001.

N. R. Silaen et al., Kinerja Karyawan. Bandung: Widina Bhakti Persada Bandung, 2021.

P. N. Sari, “Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan,” J. Bisnis, Logistik dan Supply Chain, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 11–17, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.55122/blogchain.v3i1.552.

M. Tuffaha, “The Determinants of Employee’s Performance: A Literature Review,” J. Econ. Manag. Sci., vol. 3, no. 3, p. p14, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.30560/jems.v3n3p14.

F. Agustini, Strategi Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Medan: UISU Press, 2019.

J. Sawitri, S. Basalamah, M. Nasir, and M. Z. Murfat, “Motivasi Kerja dan Kepuasan Kerja Pada Kinerja Pegawai (Studi Kasus di Bandara I Laga Ligo Bua Kota Palopo),” Cent. Econ. Students J., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 228–241, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.56750/csej.v5i3.541.

J. F. Hair, W. C. Black, B. J. Babin, and R. E. Anderson, Multivariate Data Analysis. Seventh Edition., 8th ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey., 2019.

Marhamah Izat Rodliyah, Musliyana Musliyana, and Sunarti Sunarti, “Memahami Konsep Kompetensi Karyawan Sebagai Bagian dari Perencanaan SDM,” CEMERLANG J. Manaj. dan Ekon. Bisnis, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 127–135, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.55606/cemerlang.v4i3.3015.

H. Sucipto, F. Suaedi, E. Setijaningrum, and M. Amiati, “Optimizing Employee Performance: Analysis of Determinants of Employee Performance,” RSF Conf. Ser. Business, Manag. Soc. Sci., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 91–97, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.31098/bmss.v4i1.853.

Sekar Aulia Inaya, Putri Mukminah Izzatul Jannah, Winda Sri Rahayu, Aditya Maulana Yusuf, and Mochammad Isa Anshori, “Mengoptimalkan Kinerja Perusahaan Melalui Tes dan Seleksi Karyawan Yang Akurat,” J. Manaj. dan Ekon. Kreat., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 31–45, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.59024/jumek.v2i3.362.

F. Zahro, K. Karnadi, and M. I. Anshory, “Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja, Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Asn Melalui Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Dinas Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Situbondo,” J. Mhs. Entrep., vol. 3, no. 9, p. 1668, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.36841/jme.v3i9.5197.

M. D. Arifin, S. Supardi, and V. Firdaus, “Analysis of Employee Loyalty, Work Discipline and Employee Skills on Performance Improvement through SOP.” Aug. 12, 2024. doi: 10.21070/ups.5849.

R. Natasya, S. Harini, and L. H. Maulana, “The Influence of Work Discipline, Organizational Commitment and Motivation on Employee Performance,” Int. J. Manag. Bus. Intell., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 319–330, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.59890/ijmbi.v2i4.2397.

A. Abdullah, W. L. Army, and T. Rahayu, “Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Pt Alam Jaya Graha,” J. EBI, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 8–14, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.52061/ebi.v6i2.289.

G. Noorzad, “Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance in the Telecommunication Sectors in Afghanistan,” SSRN Electron. J., 2024, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4947382.

O. G. Kamara and R. Y. Kamara, “The Impact Of Motivation On The Performance And Job Satisfaction Of Young Employees Working At The Sierra Leone Youth Commission,” Eur. J. Hum. Resour. Manag. Stud., vol. 8, no. 2, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.46827/ejhrms.v8i2.1839.

N. Bhatta and C. N. Acharya, “Impact of Motivational Factors on Employee Performance on Banking Industry in Nepal,” J. Econ. Concerns, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 86–100, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.3126/tjec.v15i1.70243.

R. A. Dharma, D. Hirdanti, and S. Salianto, “Factors Influencing Work Motivation on Employee Performance,” Promotor, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 688–693, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.32832/pro.v7i5.838.

J. R. A. Kholik, H. Madiistriyatno, and K. Taufik, “The Effect of Compensation and Work Discipline on Employee Performance with Work Motivation as an Intervening Variable,” East Asian J. Multidiscip. Res., vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 4647–4662, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.55927/eajmr.v3i10.11673.

I. Tamba, S. Langgeng, and U. Uwinda, “The Influence Of Motivation, Work Discipline And Employee Competence On Employee Performance at PT Eastsun,” Int. Conf. Bus. Soc. Sci., pp. 125–137, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.24034/icobuss.v4i1.487.

M. H. Hasbunallah and K. Kasbuntoro, “The Role of Discipline and Work Motivation in Determining Employee Performance,” J. Accounting, Manag. Econ. Res., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 29–40, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.33476/jamer.v3i1.192.

Posted

2025-08-12