DOI of the published article https://doi.org/10.51878/paedagogy.v6i3.11376
The Application of Choice Theory and Reality Therapy Using the WDEP System to Overcome Career Decision-Making Difficulties Among Senior High School Students
Penerapan Choice Theory dan Reality Therapy Sistem WDEP untuk Mengatasi Kesulitan Keputusan Karier Siswa SMA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21070/ups.11737Keywords:
Choice Theory, Reality Therapy, WDEPAbstract
Career selection was one of the crucial developmental tasks for high school students as they considered further education and their future. In daily life, many students experienced confusion in determining their college major direction that aligned with their interests, talents, potentials, and life goals. This study aimed to analyze the application of choice theory and reality therapy using the WDEP system (Want, Doing, Evaluation, Planning) to assist high school students in decisionmaking. Using a qualitative approach, this research employed a case study method on a student who experienced confusion in determining their career path. The findings demonstrated that the application of choice theory and reality therapy through the WDEP system successfully helped the participant overcome obstacles in determining their career direction. This intervention triggered a paradigm shift from external control psychology to internal control psychology, as evidenced by the growth of personal responsibility without being bound by academic performance constraints.
Downloads
References
Savickas, M. L. (2019). Career counseling (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association.
Lent, R. W., & Brown, S. D. (2020). Career decision-making and career development. . In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.) Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work, (3rd ed., pp. 89-112). Wiley.
Rafiola, R. H., Suryadi, B., & Hendriani, W. (2023). Career indecision in Indonesian high school students: A mixed-methods study. Heliyon, 9(4), e152-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15265.
Otu, M. S., & Onyishi, I. E. (2024). Career decision-making difficulties among adolescents. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 13(1), 55–70.
Gultom, M., & Wibowo, M. E. (2024). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebingungan karier siswa. Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan, 8(1), 33–44.
Neuenschwander, M. P. (2021). Career decision-making of adolescents: The role of family and school factors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 125, 103-118.
Fitri & Hidayat. (2025). Dampak career indecision terhadap kecemasan pada siswa SMA. Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan, 12(1), 78-92.
Meilanda, R., Yusuf, A. M., & Syahniar, S. . (2021). Peran bimbingan konseling karier dalam meningkatkan kesiapan karier siswa SMA. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling, 8(3), 167-180.
Hirschi, A., & Koen, J. (2021). Contemporary career theories and their implications for career counseling. Journal of Career Development, 48(4), 456-472.
Glasser, W. (1998). Choice theory: A new psychology of personal freedom. HarperCollins.
Kim, H., & Park, J. (2021). The impact of choice theory-based counseling on adolescents' intrinsic motivation and responsibility. Korean Journal of Counseling, 22(4), 89-104.
Choi, J., & Lee, S. (2022). The effects of choice theory-based group counseling on adolescents' intrinsic motivation and psychological well-being. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 69(3), 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou000061
Corey, G. (2021). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (11th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Wubbolding, R. E. (2017). Reality therapy and self-evaluation: The key to client change. American Counseling Association.
Wubbolding, R. E. (2017). Reality therapy and self-evaluation: The key to client change. American Counseling Association.
Anam, K., et al. . (2024). Pengaruh konseling berbasis WDEP terhadap tanggung jawab belajar siswa. Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 9(1), 45–56.
Agita, R., et al. (2025). Teknik WDEP dalam meningkatkan refleksi diri siswa. Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan, 12(2), 88–102.
Jannah, M., et al. . (2024). Pengaruh konseling realita terhadap kontrol diri siswa. Jurnal Konseling Indonesia, 10(1), 23–35.
Sagita, D., et al. (2024). Efektivitas WDEP terhadap ketahanan akademik siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(1), 67–80.
Hirschi, A., & Koen, J. . (2021). Contemporary career development theories and their application. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 126, 103–115.
Otu, M. S., & Onyishi, I. E. (2024). Career decision-making difficulties among adolescents. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 13(1), 55–70.
Glasser, W. (2019). Choice theory: A new psychology of personal freedom (Reissue ed.). Harper Perennial.
Glasser, W. (1998). Choice theory: A new psychology of personal freedom. HarperCollins.
Corey, G. (2021). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (11th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Brown, S. D., & Lent, R. W. (2020). Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (3rd ed.). Wiley.
Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments (3rd ed.). . Psychological Assessment Resources.
Super, D. E. (1990). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. In D. Brown, L. Brooks, & Associates (Eds.). Jossey-Bass., Career choice and development (2nd ed., pp. 197–261).
Wubbolding, R. E. (2017). Reality therapy and self-evaluation: The key to client change. American Counseling Association.
Kim, H., Jung, Y., & Jung, S. . (2022). The effect of WDEP-based career exploration program on self-esteem and career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of Career Development, 49(3), 567–580.
Melianasari, D. (2022). Efektivitas konseling kelompok teknik WDEP dalam meningkatkan kemandirian pemilihan karier siswa. Jurnal BK Indonesia, 7(2), 120–130.
Ulima, S., & Septianawati, R. (2025). Systematic literature review: Efektivitas konseling realita dengan teknik WDEP. Jurnal Psikologi, 14(1), 1–15.
Copyright © Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. This preprint is protected by copyright held by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo and is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Users may share, distribute, or reproduce the work as long as the original author(s) and copyright holder are credited, and the preprint server is cited per academic standards.
Authors retain the right to publish their work in academic journals where copyright remains with them. Any use, distribution, or reproduction that does not comply with these terms is not permitted.
Page | 13
Melianasari, D. (2022). Efektivitas konseling kelompok teknik WDEP dalam meningkatkan kemandirian pemilihan karier siswa. Jurnal BK Indonesia, 7(2), 120–130.
Yin, R. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Sage Publications.
Stake, R. (2005). Qualitative case studies. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.). The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Yin, R. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Sage Publications.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2018). The Sage handbook of qualitative research (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.et al. (2022). Teknik WDEP dalam meningkatkan kemampuan refleksi diri siswa. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 6(2), 77–89.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Wubbolding, R. E. (2017). Reality therapy and self-evaluation: The key to client change. American Counseling Association.
Glasser, W. (1998). Choice theory: A new psychology of personal freedom. HarperCollins.
Corey, G. (2021). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (11th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Savickas, M. L. (2019). Career counseling (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association.
Hirschi, A., & Koen, J. (2021). Contemporary career theories and their implications for career counseling. Journal of Career Development, 48(4), 456-472.
Rafiola, R., et al. (2023). Career indecision pada siswa SMA: Faktor dan implikasi. Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan, 11(2), 101–115.
Otu, M. S., & Onyishi, I. E. (2024). Career decision-making difficulties among adolescents. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 13(1), 55–70.
Gultom, M., & Wibowo, M. E. (2024). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebingungan karier siswa. Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan, 8(1), 33–44.
Neuenschwander, M. P., & Hofmann, J. . (2021). Career decision-making in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 88, 1–12.
Glasser, W. (2019). Choice theory: A new psychology of personal freedom (Reissue ed.). Harper Perennial.
Wubbolding, R. E. (2017). Reality therapy and self-evaluation: The key to client change. American Counseling Association.
Wubbolding, R. E. (2017). Reality therapy and self-evaluation: The key to client change. American Counseling Association.
Anam, K., et al. (2024). Pengaruh konseling berbasis WDEP terhadap tanggung jawab belajar siswa. Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 9(1), 45–56.
Corey, G. (2021). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (11th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Wubbolding, R. E. (2017). Reality therapy and self-evaluation: The key to client change. American Counseling Association.
Copyright © Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. This preprint is protected by copyright held by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo and is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Users may share, distribute, or reproduce the work as long as the original author(s) and copyright holder are credited, and the preprint server is cited per academic standards.
Authors retain the right to publish their work in academic journals where copyright remains with them. Any use, distribution, or reproduction that does not comply with these terms is not permitted..
| Page
Anam, K., et al. (2024). Pengaruh konseling berbasis WDEP terhadap tanggung jawab belajar siswa. Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 9(1), 45–56.
Wubbolding, R. E. (2017). Reality therapy and self-evaluation: The key to client change. American Counseling Association.
Savickas, M. L. (2019). Career counseling (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association.
Brown, S. D., & Lent, R. W. (2020). Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (3rd ed.). Wiley.
Glasser, W. (1998). Choice theory: A new psychology of personal freedom. HarperCollins.
Glasser, W. (1998). Choice theory: A new psychology of personal freedom. HarperCollins.
Corey, G. (2021). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (11th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Kim, H., Jung, Y., & Jung, S. . (2022). The effect of WDEP-based career exploration program on self-esteem and career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of Career Development, 49(3), 567–580.
Kim, H., Jung, Y., & Jung, S. . (2022). The effect of WDEP-based career exploration program on self-esteem and career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of Career Development, 49(3), 567–580.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Press.
Choi, J., & Lee, S. (2022). The effects of choice theory-based group counseling on adolescents' intrinsic motivation and psychological well-being. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 69(3), 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou000061
Glasser, W. (2019). Choice theory: A new psychology of personal freedom (Reissue ed.). Harper Perennial.
Neuenschwander, M. P. (2021). Career decision-making of adolescents: The role of family and school factors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 125, 103-118.
Savickas, M. L. (2019). Career counseling (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association.
Downloads
Additional Files
Posted
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 UMSIDA Preprints Server

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
