Spatial Analysis Using Maternal Mortality Rate and Infant Mortality Rate (MMR-IMR) Indicators as a Basis for Determining the Location of Community Health Centers and Village/Sub-District Health Service Units (UPKDK) in Sidoarjo Regency
Analisis Spasial Menggunakan Indikator Angka Kematian Ibu dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKI–AKB) Sebagai Dasar Penentuan Lokasi Puskesmas dan Unit Pelayanan Kesehatan Desa/Kelurahan (UPKDK) di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21070/ups.11575Keywords:
Spatial analysis, maternal mortality, infant mortality, primary healthcare, subdistrict prioritiesAbstract
Maternal and infant health indicators vary spatially across Sidoarjo subdistricts. These differences require risk-based planning for local primary healthcare services. This study aimed to identify priority subdistricts through indicator integration. The study applied a quantitative-spatial ecological design across eighteen subdistricts. Secondary data covered 2022–2024 and originated from official government sources. Analysis included descriptive statistics, risk classification, and composite scoring procedures. Researchers integrated risks and Puskesmas adequacy using categorical spatial overlays. UPKDK ratios served as supporting indicators for primary service networks. Results identified nine relatively low-risk and seven moderate-risk subdistricts overall. One subdistrict showed high risk; another showed very high risk. The matrix yielded five high, nine medium, four low priorities. Porong, Tanggulangin, Candi, Buduran, and Sedati received high priority status. Taman recorded the largest relative Puskesmas shortage under population-based requirements. Findings support evaluation, capacity strengthening, redistribution, and service reorganization efforts. The study prioritizes subdistricts, not specific sites for new facilities
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