DOI of the published article https://doi.org/10.18196/jet.v9i2.30216
Implementation of a LoRa-Based Electric Vehicle Energy Monitoring System in Internet-Limited Competition Areas
Implementasi Sistem Pemantauan Energi Kendaraan Listrik Berbasis Lora Pada Area Kompetisi Terbatas Internet
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21070/ups.10287Keywords:
Electric Vehicle, Energy Monitoring, LoRa, ESP32Abstract
The Kontes Mobil Hemat Energi (KMHE) and the Shell Eco-marathon (SEM) challenge students to develop energy-efficient electric vehicles. However, most existing monitoring systems rely on Internet of Things platforms that require stable internet connections, which are often unavailable on race tracks. This study proposes a LoRa-based energy monitoring system that operates independently of internet networks. The system uses a Current Transformer (CT) sensor, voltage divider, ADS1115 ADC module, and ESP32 microcontroller to measure voltage, current, power, and energy. Data are transmitted wirelessly via a 433 MHz LoRa RA-02 module and displayed in real time on a receiver unit. Experimental results show reliable communication up to 500 meters without internet connectivity. The voltage measurement error is below 0.1%, while current measurement error reaches up to 4.65% compared to reference instruments. The system consistently calculates power and energy during operation, demonstrating its suitability for real-time monitoring in competitive environments with limited connectivity.
Downloads
References
N.-T. Hoang, H.-P. Vo, P.-T. Le, C.-L. Tran, N.-D. Trinh, and T.-A.-D. Pham, “The Innovative Design of the Electric Vehicles for Shell Eco-Marathon Asia Contest,” in 2022 6th International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD), 2022, pp. 296–302. doi: 10.1109/GTSD54989.2022.9988988.
A. Dukenderov, A. Abilez, A. Onabek, A. Aitbayev, Y. Baimukhan, and E. Shehab, “Systems Engineering Approach for Designing Electrical Vehicle for Shell Eco-Marathon,” in 2023 IEEE International Conference on Smart Information Systems and Technologies (SIST), 2023, pp. 451–456. doi: 10.1109/SIST58284.2023.10223502.
S. Iliev and D. Lyubenov, “Investigation Dynamic Characteristics of Electric Vehicle Participating in the Competition Shell Eco-Marathon,” in 2022 International Conference on Communications, Information, Electronic and Energy Systems (CIEES), 2022, pp. 1–4. doi: 10.1109/CIEES55704.2022.9990721.
S. Sabarad and S. Sanyal, “Establishing an optimal eco-driving strategy for an electric vehicle through testbed simulation — A case study from Shell Eco-Marathon 2018,” in 2019 IEEE Students Conference on Engineering and Systems (SCES), 2019, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/SCES46477.2019.8977209.
J. Wang, “Research on Monitoring Strategy of New Energy Vehicle Power System Based on the Internet of Things,” in 2022 2nd International Signal Processing, Communications and Engineering Management Conference (ISPCEM), 2022, pp. 105–108. doi: 10.1109/ISPCEM57418.2022.00027.
M. A. Fudin, I. Sulistiyowati, and A. H. Falah, “IoT Integrated Electric Car Energy Monitoring System: Case Study of IMEI TEAM UMSIDA,” Jambura Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 189–195, 2024, doi: 10.37905/jjeee.v6i2.25198.
Z. J. R. Kamoona and M. Ilyas, “Investigating the Performance of LoRa Communication for Nominal LoRa and Interleaved Chirp Spreading LoRa,” in 2022 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence of Things (ICAIoT), 2022, pp. 1–7. doi: 10.1109/ICAIoT57170.2022.10121818.
Y. Liu, J. Cai, and M. Qiu, “Research on low-power and low-cost smart animal husbandry positioning system based on LoRa transmission,” in 2025 5th International Symposium on Computer Technology and Information Science (ISCTIS), 2025, pp. 571–575. doi: 10.1109/ISCTIS65944.2025.11065437.
K. P. Kamble, “LoRa Communication based Wireless Sensor Monitoring system,” in 2022 International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems (ICSCDS), 2022, pp. 1127–1131. doi: 10.1109/ICSCDS53736.2022.9760796.
H. Aghajari, S. Ahmadinabi, H. B. Babadegani, and M. N. Soorki, “Empirical Performance Analysis and Channel Modeling of UAV-Assisted LoRa Networks,” in 2022 30th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 2022, pp. 463–468. doi: 10.1109/ICEE55646.2022.9827258.
S. B. Gayathri, V. B. Varshini, S. Shanmati, A. S., M. Muniraj, and S. Shoba, “Performance Analysis of LoRa Communication Under Building Obstruction Using LoRa ESP32-V3,” in 2025 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS), 2025, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1109/WAMS64402.2025.11158138.
V. Chandani, A. Kotnis, and N. R. Kolhare, “Affordable Heart Health Monitoring System Using ESP32, AD8232 and MAX30102,” in 2025 IEEE Madhya Pradesh Section Conference (MPCON), 2025, pp. 806–811. doi: 10.1109/MPCON66082.2025.11256709.
N. Ya’acob, S. I. Ismail, M. Z. M. Amin, and N. F. A. Aziz, “Design and Implementation of a Wireless Health Monitoring System for Real-Time Patient Data Using ESP32,” in 2024 IEEE 15th Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC), 2024, pp. 149–153. doi: 10.1109/ICSGRC62081.2024.10691254.
E. S. Duvanov, A. F. Pashchenko, M. Y. Shishov, and D. A. Churkin, “Development of an Automated Microclimate Monitoring System Based on the ESP32 Microcontroller,” in 2025 7th International Conference on Control Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA), 2025, pp. 158–161. doi: 10.1109/SUMMA68668.2025.11302387.
M. R. Nugraha et al., “Radiosonde System Using ESP32 and LoRa Ra-02 Web-Based for Upper-Air Profile Observation,” in 2024 International Conference on Information Technology and Computing (ICITCOM), 2024, pp. 213–217. doi: 10.1109/ICITCOM62788.2024.10762300.
D. V M, S. A., E. H., and S. PL, “Electric Vehicle Battery Parameters Monitoring System using IoT,” in 2025 International Conference on Visual Analytics and Data Visualization (ICVADV), 2025, pp. 386–391. doi: 10.1109/ICVADV63329.2025.10961381.
Z. K. Farej and H. Y. Al-hayaly, “Accuracy Evaluation of Healthcare Monitoring System Based on ESP32 Microcontroller with IoT,” in 2023 International Conference on Engineering, Science and Advanced Technology (ICESAT), 2023, pp. 90–94. doi: 10.1109/ICESAT58213.2023.10347330.
Y. Raghavi, V. Chakravarthy, R. S. Sri, S. N. K. G, R. Lingarao, and V. Vivek, “Real-Time Bus Tracking Using LoRa Technology,” in 2025 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS), 2025, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1109/WAMS64402.2025.11158837.
P. K., S. S. H., S. R., S. H., A. D., and S. G., “Advanced IoT-Driven Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles Integrated with Renewable Energy,” in 2025 5th International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Social Networking (ICPCSN), 2025, pp. 565–570. doi: 10.1109/ICPCSN65854.2025.11035405.
S. Dlamini, B. Mendu, and B. Monchussi, “Control Strategies and Battery Management for Hybrid Energy Systems and Electric Vehicles,” in 2024 International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering Researches (ICECER), 2024, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ICECER62944.2024.10920414.
A. B., S. L. Neeraja, T. V Kishore, U. Deepika, S. Prathyusha, and K. V., “IoT-Enabled Advanced Health Monitoring System using ESP32 and UBI DOTS,” in 2024 International Conference on IoT Based Control Networks and Intelligent Systems (ICICNIS), 2024, pp. 403–408. doi: 10.1109/ICICNIS64247.2024.10823147.
Downloads
Additional Files
Posted
License
Copyright (c) 2026 UMSIDA Preprints Server
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
