The Effect of Underwater Friction Stir Spot Welding Process Parameters on Brinnel Hardness and AA1100 Alloy Joint Microstructure
Pengaruh Parameter Proses Underwater Friction Stir Spot Welding Terhadap Kekerasan Brinnel Dan Mikrostruktur Sambungan Paduan AA1100
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21070/ups.10033Keywords:
Underwater Friction Stir Spot Welding, AA1100 Aluminum, Brinell Hardness, Microstructure, Taguchi Method, ANOVAAbstract
Underwater Friction Stir Spot Welding (UFSSW) is a modified Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) process that utilizes a water medium to control heat input and cooling rate during welding. This study investigates the effects of UFSSW process parameters on the Brinell hardness and microstructure of AA1100 aluminum alloy joints. The investigated parameters include tool rotational speed, water medium temperature, and holding time, arranged using a Taguchi L9 (3³) experimental design. Brinell hardness testing was performed on the front and back sides of the joints, while microstructural observations were conducted in the Base Metal, HAZ, TMAZ, and Weld Nugget regions. ANOVA results indicate that holding time and water temperature lead to the rejection of H₀ (p < 0.05), whereas tool rotational speed results in the acceptance of H₀. The weld nugget exhibits a dense and homogeneous microstructure associated with higher hardness.
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